Alternating-current motor.



W- B. GOLDSBOROUGH. ALTBRNATING CURRENT MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 11, 1903, I 921,826.

Patented May 18, 1909;

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w I Kim #M El M f a e m M W his (dz-0mm W. E. GOLDSBOROUGHQ ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTOR. APPLICATION FILED we. 11, 1903.

921 ,826. Patented May 18, 1909. 9 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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W. E, GOLDSBOROUGH. ALTERNATING GURRENT MOTOR. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 11, 1908. 921 ,826. A Patented May ,18, 1909.

INVENTORZ WITN ESSES his a 117w.

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W, E. GOLDSBOROUGH. ALTERNATI NG CURRENT MOTOR. APPLICATION FILED AUG, 11, 1903. 921 ,826 Patented May 18, was.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

WITNESSES INVENTOR- 7n: "cams PE1ER cx. WASHINGTON, o. c

W. E. GOLDSBOROUGH. ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTOR.

' APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 11. 1903.

Patented May 18, 1909 9 SHEETB-SHBET 6.

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WITNESSES 1 1's. ammgy.

W. E. GOLDSBOROUGH. ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTOR. APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 11, 1903. 921,826, 7 Patented 18,1909.

9 B SHEET 7.

WITNESSES INVENTORZ his njfamgyb W. E. GOLDSBOROUGH.

ALTERNATING GURRENT MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 11. 1903.

. Patented May 18, 1909.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

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WITNESSES I W. B. GOLDSBOROUGH. ALTBRNATING CURRENT MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 11. 1903.

921,826, Patented 18,1909.

9 B S-SHEET 9.

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WITNESSES 7223 diforng.

WINDER ELWELL GOLDSBOROUGH, OF LA FAYETTE, INDIANA.

ALTERNATING-GURRENT lviOlOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 18, 1909.

Application filed August 11, 1903. Serial No. 169,149.

1 9 all 107mm it may concern:

Be it known that I, iiinnnn E. GoLos- BOl-ZOtHH, a citizen of the United States, residing at La 1: yette, in the county of Tippecanoe and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Alternating-Current .lriotors; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to alternating current motors in which there is no electrical connection between the primary, or field, coil and the secondary, or armature, coil. final my invention consists in the constructions, combinations, and arrangements hereinafter described and claimed.

in my preferred construction, impedance coils are placed between the coils of the armature or secondary element and a shortcircuiting ring, and means provided whereby the inductance of such impedance coils is diminished at suitably located points so as to admit of the ready passage of currents in duced in the coils of the armature through said impedance coils, while maintaining the induc ance of said impedance coils, at such 2 value in all other positions as to prevent any great leakage or the armature currents through them.

The generation and distribution of current in the coils of the armature or secondary elcn at are eliected entirely by induction; in o her words, currents are passed into the cohs oi the primary element from a sing e-phase alternating current source of supply, and th y so induce currents in the coils oi the secondary element that these currents react upon the primary element to produce a torque and the generation of me chanical power through rotation.

in my application for patent filed May 1, 190 Serial Yo. 155,172, I have shown and described inductance neutralizing electromagnets and commutating impedance coils applied to court 1 types of armatures of electrical machines; and also disclosed the adaptation and ie in alternating current motors ot poleface coils in combination with field or primary coils for promoting electro -magnetic reactions, which improve the operation of alternating current motors.

lily present invention relates to a new and special application of the said inductance neutralizing electro magnets, commutating impedance coils and pole-face coils in combination with new and useful improvements in alternating current motors, as fully described hereinafter. In carrying out my in vention, l have used various means of securing this result, and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this application and in which similar reference symbols indicate corresponding parts in the several views, illustrate not the specific construction of any particular device employed, but rather the electrical connections employed with well-known devices.

in the drawings: Figure l is a diagram matic view of one form of alternating current motor, showing clearly the field-coils and pole-face coils of the primary element, the armature coils and impedance coils of the secondary element, and inductance-increasing-electro-magnet-armatures or inductors suitably placed with reference to the impedance coils. In this construction. a lield ring having internally projecting poles is used. Fig. shows, diagramimitically. a arrangement of parts similar to those of Fig. 1, except that each impedance coil oi the secondary element is wound on a horseoe core and brought into inductive relation with neutralizing el'ectro-magnets suitahly located. l urthermore, as in Fig. 1, means are provided whereby the inductance of the impedance coils increased during" the time of their passage between the inductance. neutralizing electro-magnets to a value in excess of the normal impedance of these coils. 2 illustrates diagrammatically an arra igcment omploying certain auxiliary de vices whereby the primary lield coils may he connected in series, and the primary pole t'ace coils also connected in series, and these two series placed in parallel. Fig. 3 shows another arrangement of my invention, the primary elementforming the outer portion of the figure, and the secondary element the central portion of the ligurc. is the connections indicate. every other coil in the primary element is a field coil, while the intermediate coils of the primary element are pole-"face or inducing coils. The arma ture coils and the impedance coils of the secondary element are plainly shown in inductive relation to inductance neutralizing electro-magnets in certain positions. Fig. 4 shows another form 0t my invention, the primary element being the outer portion of the figure, and the secondary element the central portion of the figure. ing impedance 6011s are shown inserted in the. leads brought out from the coils of the l secondary element, and inductance neutralizing electro-magnets are shown superposed over certain of the commutating impedance coils, the leans from which terminate in a short-circuiting ring. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of an alternating current motor, in which two inductance neutralizing electromagnets are used at each point of inductance neutralization or commutation, one of these inductance neutralizing electromagnets being brought into inductive rela tion wi h the coils of the secondary element at a point between the pole-tips of the primary element in the neutral plane, and the other inductance neutralizing electro-magnet being placed in inductive relation to the impedance coils in the neutral plane. In this construction, the field coils are wound in slots cut in the pole faces, the armature coils in slots out in the core of the armature or secondary element, and the impedance coils in slots cut in the common core over which the impedance coils are wound. Be-

tween the points of inductance neutralization or commutation, inductors are so arranged as to increase the inductance of the impedance coils during their movement by said inductors. Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of a portion of the magnetic circuit of an alternating current motor, similar to that shown in Fig. 5, except that every other slot of the armature or secondary element contains the conductors of the armature or secondary coils, while the intermediate slots contain the conductors of the impedance coils, and above the teeth of the core of the said armature or secondary element in the neutral plane at the point of inductance neutralization is placed an inductance neutralizing electro-magnet. Fig. I is a diagrammatic view of a portion of an alternating current motor, similar to that shown in Fig. 5, the armature or secondary element of which -is provided with a double winding. By this arrangement, each slot contains the conductors of an armature or secondary coil, as well as the conductors of an impedance coil. Above the teeth of the armature or secondary element in the neutral plane, and at the point of inductance neutralization or commutation, are shown inductance neutralizing electro -magnets. Fig. 8 illustrates diagrammatically an arrangement of the impedance coils with reference to the inductance neutralizing electro-magnets placed over the said impedance coils. Fig. 9 shows diagrammatically another arangement of impedance coils, with a superposed coreless inductance neutralizing coil. Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view of an arrangement of parts wherein the in- Commutatductance neutralizing electro-magnets are made, magnetically, a part of the primary E core; wherein connections are provided for revers the direction of rotation of the secondary element and wherein every other slot of the armature or secondary element contains the conductors of the armature coils, while the intermediate slots contain the conductors of the imuedance coils. Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view of aprimary element of a single phase alternating current motor similar to that shown in Fig. 10, and provided with connections whereby the circuits of the neutralizing electro-magnets may he opened, and a connection whereby the circuits of the field or primary element may be rearranged so as to make them effective as the primary circuit of a single phase induction motor. Fig. 12 shows, diagrammatically, an arrangement of my invention whereby the primary element is made to consist of two cores placed side by side, one of these being wound with the primary field coils and the other being wound with what I have termed the primary pole face coils. The armature or secondary element is lengthened so as to present a continuous surface extending in front of both the primary cores. The armature coils and impedance coils of the secondary element are plainly shown, to-

electro-magnets suitably placed with reference to the impedance coils. In this figure, the vertical line 12--12 is a section line which cuts off the right half of the front primary core and permits the corresponding half of the rear primary core to be viewed. In my devices, laminated metal should, preferably, be used in he construction of primary and secondary magnetic circuits. Further than this, either the primary or secondary can in any case be made either the rotating or stationary element and the design of the cores modified accordingly.

Referring, especially, to Fig. l, R designates the field ring, N the north and S the south poles of the primary element of a single phase alternating current motor. J designates the field windings, and K the pole face coils of the primary element. The conductors K of the pole face coils K are so placed relatively to the pole faces as to be "brought into inductive relation with the conductors A of the coils A of the armature or secondary element. The secondary element is shown provided with a Gramme ring winding, the coils of which are connected to the short-circuiting ring I through impedance coils B. The field coils J are all connected in series and the pole face coils K are also all connected in series; and, further, the field coils J are connected in series with the pole face coils K, thereby causing the alternating currents which are drawn from the source of supply X to gether with the inductance neutralizing traverse all of the primary windings c011- nected in series. The function of the field coils J to produce a magnetic field varying in its intensity with the pulsations of the alternating currents from the source of supply. The function of the pole face coils K is, by virtue of their position, to induce electric currents in the armature coils it which, by reaction with the magnetic fields of the poles N and S produce relative inoondary eien'ients, slice the direction 0t low of the cm'rents in the armature coils A is so controlled by the presence ot the impedance coils B and the inouctors P and P" to prevent the said induced electric currents from entering the suort-circuiting ring I appreciably through any of the impedance coils except. such as B which without the influence of the inductors P and I. The pole-face coils are so arranged and connected as to tend to promote the same polarity at the pole tips N and the same opposite polarity at the pole-tips S it will be seen that the inductors P and I serve to inor use the inductance of the impedance coils between them.

L0 be understood that Fig. 1 is merely nnatical. The armature, pole face 7 (1 windings may be given the form of wave or lap windings, or such other common form as may be deemed most eftective.

The inductive action of the primary pole taco coils K upon the seconcary o armature coils A is such to or use currents to pulsate through the armature windings in such manner as to produce natural points of commutation at or near the neutral planes between the pole tips, as in other forms of commntating electric machines.

it is to be understood that the field and pole face coils may be connected in a. variety ways. The field coils may all be connected in parallel and this parallel system ionnected in series with a series arrangement o pole face coils, or the field coils, all connected in parallel, may he connected in series with the pole-tace coils, also connected in parallel; or other arrangements maybe used, as may be found in special cases most of t'ective.

-While the alternating current motor is shown equipped with four poles, it is obvious tl at any even number of poles may be employed. other details, as regards the number of inductors, etc, being aranged in conformity thereto.

Referring to Fig. 2, ll designates the field ring or core of the primary element. 0 the core of the armature or secondary element. and P and C" the cores of the impedance coils and neutralizing inductance electromagnets respectively. in this figure. J J". J, J. etc, repre ent the terminals ot the tion of the surfaces of the primary and sec field oils of the primary element. and K.

is so lacra as to lug t l; said coils into close inductive rclaiion with the pole lace coils o the primary element, and the core t) is so placed relatircly to t .e core ll that the magnetic pole hv the held 1 tes the other tes u coils perme core =1) ot tnc secondary it i i "tinting l'lllfl to w the impedance B is cuiiin .l i 1 in.- c] trinn ions o .utsc (01.5 a .ted to erenly--r-;paced taps; in the of the secondary core (7). The inthe iinpecaice coils l X hat portion of each re-col tion in vhich it is desirable that no current trom the 211"? coils shall flow through the said impedance coils. The indu *tance neutralizl s to,

points in eacl revc tiou ahlc that the currents in the it. should communicate and 'tln' )u;;'l1ll1e commutation leads 1 ncct the armature coils through ice coils to the short-circuitlugne inductance neutralizing elect-ol" may he advanced or retarded in tield c1:

iroducc .ed as to i midway magnetic poles of opposite polarity hetween the po ts of location the ind uctauce neutraliz r; electro-n' 'nets (I a:

u the pole-face co ,ted as to tend to produce no ietic poles ot opposite o rit i points directly in line with tl c ions occup ed by the inductance neutr 'ro nar'nets. l o l. inn ahout t -i tield coils rl may be con cctm witu the pole-taco coils K, and p .i'( he made to follow the following path: itrom t re source oi energy to fl; rm J" to J": from J to il l to il from J to K trom K to I t on if to K"; tron: K to F": and. timilly, tron: hi o the o he {I niual oi the nu'co ot' By the an. ot suitabl e auxiliary dc- \*1t.,,--in the way in" condensers E or (it in1- peda ice coils F placed in series with ei he primary l 'eld circui 0 the primary pole coil circuit. or

tace make necessary (see l l an )rinxary field coils J ries and the primar ar; llel with a circuit I n shy with. f supply and the QXLtlllg connections a. ged that ci flows 1 Tel ween K and X and i,- As shown, ricurrents permeating tl-e field coils pro- 5 .e the currents Towing in the pole nd to nroinote poles opposite in 3, all of the coininutating impedance colls are wound over a common core R and terminate in the short-circuitingg rin, thereby connecting the armature coil, with the maid short-circuiting ring. VJith this combination, the inductance of the inipedance coils is such as prevent any great interchange of current between the armature coils h and the short circuiting ring 1 except those points where the impedance neutralizing clectro-magnets 0* are placed. Electro-ma 'netic reactions occur, whicn duce the c ctiy'e inductance of the impedance coils anch when the 'aid inductance neutralizing ele :tro-mzgnets are properly )laced with refe' nce to the secondary elenatu al points of conni itation occur e poles of the said inductance electro-inag'nets. in this motor ierein described, the function o proi-iotc magnetic om the primary into reas A l tne function of 'nduce currents in 1 flow, when properly con I i manner'as to react magnetically up n th flux c'eyeloped by the field coils and thereby promote the rotation oi the secondary element relatiyely to th v primary element.

Fig. 4: shows a somewhat different arrangement and combination 01? parts. In this, as in previous cases, pri iary urrents permeating the field and poh-f ce windings set up poles of opposite pola ty, indicated, and thereby currents are induced in the coils A of the secondary winding which, in the present instance, are commutatcd when the impedance coils B, which are connected between the armature coils and the short-circuiting ring I, pass under the inductance neutralizing electro unagnets C In Fig. 4 one of the inductance neutralizing polarity,

i sary.

electro-magnets C has been omitted for clearness.

Fig. 5 shows projecting poles surrounded by field coils I. the pole face coils K being arranged in slots cut into pole faces. in this arrangement of parts two 'sets of inductance neutralizing eloct-ro-inagnets are used, one set C being arranged in inducl tire relation, to the armature coils at he points of commutation, the second set beine arranged in inductive relation to l O V m I he nnpnce coils b at the points of cominutatio For ettective working, the points of commutation may be taken. midway between the pole tips n and S or the position of the inductance neutrahzmg electro-m nets may be advanced or retarded rel sly to the direction of rotation of the condary element 18 may be found neceshe inductors P are given the position shown in order that the impedance of the coils Bmay be increased during the time of their passage between the points of commut-ation thereby more perfectly preventing an interchange current between the armature coils and the short-circuiting bar it s not necessary that any given number of rue 1- ictance neutralizing electro-magnets. F154;. however, a combination is shown 1. ye y cflcctiye results.

Fig. (3 illustrates a construction in which the connnutation impedance coils are wound our the same are th armature coils. In this case, th inductance neu .ralizing electi'o-inagnet C perfori '15 the double service of neutralizing the inductance of the armature coil 1 Z to commutating currents, and of neutralizing the inductance of the impedance coils l3 and B to commutated currents while not alt'ectina' the inductance of the impedance coils B and B when considered as elements of the connnutating circuit of the coil 21, which is undergoing commutation. At the time w ien the armature coil A is influenced by cor imitating currents, and. at the time when the impedance coils B and B are influenced by commutated currents, they each and severally act as primary transformer coils in relation to the short'circuited coil of the electro-magnet C, thereby inducing in the shortcircuited coil of the electro-magnet C currents that elect-ro-magnetically balance the cominntating currents flowing in the coil A and the conunutated currents flowing in the coils B and B thereby effectively neutralizing he inductance of said coils. Vi hen the coils B and B influenced by comnnit ating currents, hey form elements in th coininutating circuit of coil A The connnntating currents flow through coils B and B in a way to make their elect-ro-magnetic eitiect upon the short-circuited coil of the electro-magnet C null and void; consecoils shall be embraced between the poles of V quently. there is no reaction from the shortcircuited coil ot the electro-magnet C upon the coils B and B and their etlectiye impedance, when considered as elements of the connuutating circuit, is not changed. By commutating current is ant current that circulates through a coil )3. and the coils B and then returning through coil i 7 other ariuatin'e coil; mutating current is a locally in a time when in other words a comcurrent that circulates counnutating coil during the the comnnitating coil is undermut-atimi. .t connnutated curi a current that llows from those g cups of armature coils that are not undergoing commutation, through the coils B and li and the short. circuiting ring I, returning upon itself without at any time flowing through a coil that is actively undergoing (t l limitation.

n Fig. 7 a construction is illustrated in which a double winding is placed on the secondary clement =1), the armature and impedance coils of the two distinct windings It and it being placed in very intimate electro-maguetic relation. in this case, the inductance neutralizing electro magnet (l performs the same function tor each of the said windiugggs as d es the inductance neun U tralizing electro-nmgnet C of Fig. 6 for the i i I one winding contained in this figure.

omitt d for c earnesrs.

l i he core t and T, the pole face coils are l t the ends ot 'he is shown covering cores 1 coils. liy thi irraneeiuent, the inductance f L11; n 1 l a l" ("fl i i l o tic napcu .tt. cons is reasy a icctet, and. as shown. the inductance neutralizing elcctroanae'ne s embrace but two ot the tonnuutatiou impcnante coils n. It should be noted that. to make them effective when placed on pre ecting teeth, ad acent impedance coils must be wound in opposite direc tious. The luduc'ancc neutralizing electromagneis may embrace a greater number than two of the impedance coils with effect IVGHQSH. The position ct the inductance neuralizuig cl ctro-magncts may be giyen an adyance or lag. conditions rc- 9 illustrates an inductance neutralizing coil with armature and connnutation impedance coils .vound in the same slots. in this case, the coil C surrounds no iron core. and is therefore brought into inductive relation with the impedance coils B by an tttl t of turns of the coil C in such 1 z 'uity to the impedance coils B t a i no; set up by the said impedance coils will linl: through the said inductance iIGIll'l'tlllZ-illl-Q' coil.

in special cases it may be desirable to reduce the coil to a strip of metal. This arrangement can also be used in connection without in any way affecting any oi the impedance l l l l l l with such combinations as those illustrated in Figs. 5, 6 and 7. wherein inductance neutralizing coils a re used to effect the inductance, not only of the impedance. but also of the armature coils.

Fig. 10 illustrates a construction in which both the primary and secondary coils are wound in deep slots. lin this case, the cores C of the inductance neutralizing electromagnets are ma'tle part of the primary field core ll. In such combination, it: is not necessary that the number of primary slots V bear any definite relation to the number of secondary slots The field winding is so arranged in combination with the reversing switch Y that the direction of current in the pole-face coils K may be reversed at will by throwing the switch Y to its second position. A reversal of thc current in the pole t'ace coils reacts magnetically upon the secondary element to reverse the direction of rotation of the armature O. s diagrammatically indicated, a short-circuitiug de rice is introduced in the secondary winding A, whereby the impedance coils B may be made a part of the armature winding upon closing the short-circuiting switches if. These switches are only closed when the armature or seconcary element is in or near synchronism. When so closed, the secondary tends to act as does the secondary of a single phase induction motor.

Fig. 11 illustrates diagranunatically, a primary element R which may be substituted for the primary element R in the construction shown in Fig. 10. In the construc tion shown in Fig. 11. when the switches ll are closed. the switch Z should be thrown over to its second position, thereby reversing the direction of current in the pole face coils and causing them to act in unison with the field coils. Thus, attc" reaching synchronism. by reversing the primary pole face connections at Z and opening the primary switch and closing the secondary switch cii nits ll. the power of the motor, taken a." a single phase induction motor may be matcriall t augmented.

Fi 12 represents a combination of parts whet tin the primary element consists of two cores. t and The first of these carries the polar projections I? and S and the field energizing coils J. The second of these carries the pole face coils K and the impedance neutralizing coils The uecondary element 0 used in this combination (litters from the secondary element which has been descriliied in connection with Fig. 10, only in that it is extended to present an inductiye surface to each of the two primary elen'icnts. The adyantage of this ar 'angement lies in the fact that, under certain conditions, it is desi able to electro-magnetically insulate the circuits of the field energizing coils J and the pole taco coil K. This is best accomplished by placing them side by side on separate cores, as indicated. The functions of the field coils J, pole face coils K and inductance neutralizing electro-magnets C is in no wise changed, in view of this new combination.

It is obvious that I may employ in my invention any old combinations of series or parallel adjustment between the field coils and pole face coils, and that the construction of the primary core or the number of poles employed nay be varied as desired. It is also clear that I may employ any common type or armature Winding, such as lap and wave winding.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters-Patent of the United States is:

1. In an armature, the combination of armature coils, impedance coils, inductors and short-circuited coils arranged to be a commutator, as set forth.

2. In an alternating current motor, the combination of armature coils, inductors, and impedance coils arranged to be a commutator, as set forth.

3. In an alternating current motor, the combination of armature coils, short-circuited coils, and impedance coils arranged to be a commutator, as set forth.

a. In an alternating current motor, the combination of armature coils, impedance coils, inductors and short-circuited coils, as set forth.

5. In an alternating current motor, the combination with field coils and pole face coils of armature coils, impedance coils and inductors, as set forth.

6. In an alternating current motor, the combination with field coils and pole face coils, of armature coils, impedance coils and short-circuited coils, as set forth.

7. In an alternating current mot r, the combination with field coils and pole face coils of armature coils, impedance coils, in-

ductors and short-circuited coils, as set forth.

8. In an electric motor, the combination of armature coils, and of means constructed to effect commutation of the electric currents entirely electro-inagnetically, and of means constructed to short-circuit the said means which effect commutation, as set forth.

9. In an electric machine, the combination of an armature winding provided with commutation leads, of impedance coils introduced into said commutation leads, of armature coils, and of means for bringing adjacent commutation leads into electric connection at points on said commutation leads between said armature winding and said impedance coils, as set forth.

10. In an electric motor, the combination of field coils and armature coils, and of induction coils having short-circuited windings arranged in inductive relation to said armature coils without being in inductive relation to said field coils, as set forth.

11. In an electric machine, the combination of an armature and armature coils, of impedance coils, and of induction coils having short-circuited windings arranged in inductive relation to the said impedance coils, as set forth.

12. In an electric machine, the combination with an armature and armature coils, of impedance coils, and of inductance coils having short-circuited windings arranged in inductive relation to the said armature coils, and of other induction coils having shortcircuited windings arranged in inductive relation to the said impedance coils, as set forth.

18. In an electric machine, the combination with an armature and armature coils, of impedance coils and of induction coils having short-circuited windings arranged in inductive relation to the said armature coils and impedance coils, as set fort 14L. In an armature, the combination with an armature core and armature coils, of means constructed to effect commutation of the electric currents entirely electro-magnetically, and means constructed to individually short-circuit said armature coils, as set forth.

15. In an alternating current motor, the combination of an armature winding provided with commutation leads, a short-circuiting ring or terminal, impedance coils connected in the commutation leads from said armature winding to said short-circuiting ring or terminal, and inductor-bars suitably arranged with reference to the impedance coils, as set forth.

16. In an armature, the combination of a common terminal, tapped circuits terminatl ing at said common terminal, impedance l coils connected in each of the tapped cirl cuits, and short-circuited induction coils ar- -anged in inductive relation to the said impedance coils, as set forth.

17. In an armature, the combination of a common terminal, tapped circuits containing impedance coils and terminating at said l common terminal, and electric conductors 1 arranged in inductive relation to said impedance coils, as set forth.

18. In an armature of an electric machine, the combination of armature conductors having 'a common terminal, and electric conductors arranged in inductive relation to the armature conductors at the points of commutation, as set forth.

19. The combination in an electric motor of a primary element and a secondary element, impedance coils, induction coils having short-circuited windings, and inductors, all so constructed and arranged that the direction of flow of currents induced in the 1 secondary conductors will be reversed with reference to the direction of flow of currentl in the primary conductors at predetermined points in a revolution of the secondary eleinent, as set forth. 7

20. The combination ii an electric motor,

of a primary element and a secondary element, impedance coils, and induction coils laviiig short-circiiited windings, all so constructed and arranged that the. direction of flow of currents induced in the conductor of the secondary element will be reversed with reference to the direction of flow of the current in the primary conductors at predetermince points in a. revolution of the secondary element, as forth.

21. The combination in an electric motor, of a primary elei rent and a secondary element. in'ipedance coils and inductors, all so d and arranged that the direction if flow of currents induced in the conductors 3 the secondary element will be reversed with reference to the direction of flow of urrents in the conductors of the primary element at predetermined points in a revolu ion of the secondary element, as set forth.

22. in an alternating current. machine, the combii ation of an armature, arinatiire coils prcri 1 till oed with leads, a common terniiiia imice coils arran ed in the leads from the armature coils to said common terminal, lltl means for short-circniting the said leads between the arn'iz-iture coils and the said iiu pcdance :oils, as set forth.

23. In lternatii'g current machine, the coinbi ration of an armature, armature coils pi'ovii (d with leads, a common terminal, inpedaiice coils introduced into the leads onneeting the armature coils with maid coinn terminals, and means for short-circuit the said leads between the said armature dll ll c: ils and the said impedance coils, all so con strccted and arranged that the said impedance coils are made to perform the iunction as the said armature coils when Ll iii d Hildiinc is operated as an induction inotor. as set forth.

In an alternating current machine, the coinhination of a primary element, of field coils. and pole face coils thereon connected in series, an armature carrying arniatn'e winding provided with commutation leads, a common terminal, impedance coils iiitroduccd into the leads connecting the armature winding with said common terminal, constructed to reverse the current 'li certain of the pole-face coils, so that with the field coils to prodnce may les of maximum intensity, and means circniting the said commutator 1 teen the said arniature winding the said impedance ciils, whereby the impedance coils are ii ade to perform the same function as the said arinaiirc coils,

.51 the said machine is operated as an induction motor. as set forth.

25. The combination in an electric motor,

coils, an armature element, armature coils provided with commutation leads, impedance canmutation ring, induction coils having ort-circuited windings, and inductors, as

- 3h. The on bination in an electric motor. of a field leinent, field coils and pole face nient, arn ture coils providet with commutation impedance and arranged to terminate in the comnnitz lion ring, induction coils having short-cirat predetermined points to said impedance coils. and inductors placed in predeterniincd coils and said. induction coils, set forth.

The combination with a source of 1 machine having independent magnetic circuits wound witn shoi't-circuited coils ar vation or multiple arc with the normal 'ildQlHl'lC circuit or circuits of the said alln an alternating current motor, the

'ir'e coils, provided with leads containing self-induction, of incependent short-(an into inductive relation with the armature ils and leads containing self-induction.

able curren s permeating the armature coils nesscd, set forth.

2!). The con'ibination with an armature.

inn induction, of conducting elements so disposed with reference to the snrfa e of of i field-element, field-coils and pole-face coils ranged in said commutation leads, a

coils connected in series, an armature cleii leads. a commutation i'in coils arr: 11,,1'0d in said *oinniutatlon leads cuited windings placed in inductive relation positions with reference to said impedance J: ecciiic eneigy, or an alternating current ranged, in relation to its armature, in deriernating' current machine, as set forth.

combination with an arn'iature and armai cuiteo elements constructed to be brought whereby magnetic fluctuations due to variind leads containing: self-induction are supand armature coils provided with leads havsaid armature as rediicc in volume the currents induced in the armature coils when the direction of flow of said currents in said armature coils is reversed at pre-de teiiniiied points in a revolution of said armature, as set forth.

The coinbiiiatioi'i of an armature. a common terminal, armature coils provided with commutation leads, the termination of (aid leads in said conniion terminal, impelance coils connected in said commutation ls, and iron cores having sliort-cii'cuited windii arranged to be brought into inductive relation with ini iedance coils, as set orth.

ill. The combination of an armature, a iinon terminal, armature coils provided with coinn'iutatioii leads the termination of said leads in said coonnoii terminal, impedance coils connected in said commutation leads, and iron cores having short-circuited 'llO windings arranged to be brought into in ductive relation with said armature coils and impedance coils, as set forth.

32. in an alternating current machine, the combinatioi'i of a common terminal, armature coils provided with connnutation leads to said common terminal, and having self-induction, and independent short circuited coils constructed and arranged to diminish the etlective self-induction of said leads to cormnutated currents, while not diminishing the self-induction of said leads to connnutatinn' currents, as settorth. I

33. The combination with an electric circuit, of an alternating current machine, a common terminal, an armature, armature coils provided with commutation leads to said common terminal. impedance coils connected in series with. said commutation leads, means for making the inductance of said in'ipedance coils efiectire in cutting down the currents induced in said armature coils when they are connnutated, and means for making the inductance of said impedance coils ineti ectivc in obstructing the flow ot' commutated currents throug said leads when they form part of commutation circuits, as set forth.

3%. .ln an alternating current machine, the combination of armature coils provided with commutation leads having self-induction, independen i electrically short-circuited electro-magnetic circuits arranged in inductive relation to the armature coils, and other independent electrically short-circuited electromagnetic circuits arranged in inductive relation to the commutation leads whereby the effective self-induction of armature coils and commutation leads is changed a. set forth.

In an alternating current machine, the combination of a common terminal, armature coils provided with commutation leads having self-induction and terminating in said common terminal, short-circuited induction coils arranged within the influence of said armature coils, and otner short-circuited induction coils within the influence of said commutation leads, as set forth.

3G. The combination in an al ernating current machine of armature coils provided with commutation leads, impedance coils connected in said commutation leads, induction coils having shortcircuited windings adapted to change the effective self-induction ot the armature coils, and other induction coils having short-circuited windings adapted to change the efiective self-induction of the impedance coils during the time of the commutation of said armature coils, as set forth.

37. In an alternating current machine, the combination of a common terminal, armature coils provided with leads having selfinduction and connecting the said armature coils to said common terminal, iron cores I wound with short-circuited coils placed in l inductive relation to the armature coils, and

other iron cores wound with short-circuited coils placed in inductive relation to the leads, all constructed and arranged to di minish the volume of the currents induced in the armature coils during the period of commutation, as set forth.

38. in an alternating current machine, the combination of a common terminal, armature coils provided with commutation leads having self-induction and terminating in said common terminal, electro-magnets having short-circuited windings placed in inductive relation to the armature coils, and ot electro-magnets having short-circuited windings and placed in inductive relation to the comnuitation leads, and all constructed and arranged to reduce the efiective inductance of the armature coils while increasing the impedance of the closed circuits through the armature coils during their commutation, and to reduce the ettective impedance of the comn'iutating circuits through said armature coils, impedance coils, and common terminal, as set :torth.

39. The combination with an electric circuit of an alternating current machine, armature coils provided with commutation leads, impedance coils connected in series with said commutation leads, means con structed and arranged to lessen the inductance effect of the said armature coils when they are commutated, means constructed and arranged to render ei'i'ective the inductance of said impedance coils in cutting down the currents induced in said armature coils when they are commutated, and means constructed and arranged to render the inductance of said impedance coils ineffective to obstruct the flow of currents through such armature coils as are not undergoing commutation, as set forth.

lO. The combination with an electric circuit, of an alternating current machine, armature coils provided with commutation eads having selt-induction, means con s urred and arranged to render the selfindur-tion ot the armature coils less effective in inducing currents and to render the selfinduction of said commutation leads efiectin cutting down the currents induced in said armature coils when they are undergoing commutation, and means constructed and arranged to render the self-induction of said commutation leads ineffective in obstructing a flow or" current in such of the armature coils as are not undergoing commutation, as set forth.

41. in a single-phase alternating current motor, the combination of a field or primary core having an energizing circuit constructed to produce adjacent magnetic poles of opposite polarity, and an inducing circuit constructed to convey current in opposite directions over the said magnetic poles of opposite polarity, a

common terminal, an i armature having leads containing self-induction and terminating in said common terminal, and means constructed and ar-f ranged to commutate or reverse currents induced in said armature at predetermined f points in a revolution of the armature, as set forth.

4-2. The combination in a single-phase 211- l ternating current mot r, of field coils, poleface coils, armature coils, impedance coils, l and short-circuited inductance coils, means constructed and arranged to shift the neutral points in said motor by changes in the connections of said field coils, means constructed to facilitate the connnutation of currents in said armature coils, means constructed to l short circuit the commutation circuits 5 through the said armature coils, means coni structed to reverse the direction of rotation of the motor by changes in the connections of said field and poleface coils, means con- 1 structed to convert the motor into an inducl tion motor by changes in the connections of said field coils, pole-face coils, armature coils and short-circuited induction coils, as I set forth. l

43. The combination in an alternating current motor, of an armature, of means constructed to effect commutation electromagnetically, and of two primary cores pro vided with energizing coils arranged in inductive relation to said armature, the said energizing coils on each of the said primary cores being suitably arranged and connected in series with the coils on the other of said i primary cores, as set forth.

4a. The combination in an alternating current motor, of an armature, of means conl structed to effect commutation electro-magl netically, of two individual primary cores provided with energizing coils so arranged that the coils on the first of said cores have a quadrature relation to the coils on the second of said cores, and the coils on one primary core connect in series with those on the other of said primary cores, as set forth.

45. The combination in an alternating current motor, of an armature, an impe dance commutator, and of two individual primary cores provided with energizing coils so arranged that the coils on the first of said cores have a quadrature relation to the coils on the second of said cores, the

1 current motor, of a common netic poles created by said coils on one core being connected in series with those on the other core, as set forth.

L6. The combination in an alternating current motor, of a secondary element, of, means constructed to effect commutation of y the electric currents induced in the secondj ary element electro-magnetically, and of a primary element consisting of two individual cores wound with coils; electrical.

l l l l connection whereby the coils of two primary cores may be energized by currents having the same phase, the primary coils being constructed and arranged to promote magnetic fields in the first core in quadrature with the magnetic fields in the second core, as set forth.

4?. The *ombination in an alternating terminal, a primary element, a secondary element, the secondary elementconsisting of a core and of secondary or armature coils wound thereon, impedance coils tapped into and connecting said armature coils to said common terminal, and sl'iort-circuited coils arranged in inductive relation to the impedance coils in certain predetermined fixed positions relative to said primary element, as set forth.

l8. In an alternating current motor, the combination of two primary core rings, a secondary core ring, an inducing circuit wound on one of the primary core rings, an energirzing circuit wound on the other of the primary core rings, the inducing circuit being connected in series with said energizing circuit, and being so arranged that the mag- I inducing circuit will be in quadrature or other displaced relation with the magnetic poles created by the energizing circuit, a common terminal, an induction circuit wound on the said secondary core ring, and provided with junction points, impedance coils connecting the unction points of the coils of the said induction circuit to said common terminal, and shortcircuited windings placed in inductive relation to the said impedance coils in certain predetermined fixed positions relatively to said primary core rings, as set forth.

#29. In a single-phase alternating current motor, the combination with an armature of a field energizing circuit and a primary inducing circuit, the primary inducing circuit being arranged in close inductive relation with the armature and connected. in series, and superposed in quadrature upon the energizing circuit, a common terminal, and tapped circuits on said armature containing impedance coils terminating in said common terminal, as set forth.

50. Tn a single-phase alternating current motor, the combination of a primary element and a secondary element, a primary field energizing circuit, a primary inducing circuit, secondary impedance coils, and secondary inductors, the primary inducing circuit being arranged in close inductive relation with the secondary element and connected in series and superposed in quadrature upon the primary field energizing circuit, the secondary impedance coils and inductors being constructed and arranged to 5 reverse the direction of flow of currents induced in the conductors of the secondary element with reference to flow of currents in the conductors of the primary element at predetermined points in the revolution of the secondary element, as set forth.

51. In a single-phase alternating current motor, the combination of a primary element and a secondary element, a primary field-energizing circuit, a primary inducing circuit, secondary impedance coils, and secondary induction coils, the primary inducing circuit being arranged in close inductive relation with the armature and con nected in series and superposed in quadrature upon the primary field energizing circuit, the secondary impedance coils, and the secondary induction coils having short-circuited windings, all constructed and arranged to reverse the direction of flow of currents induced in the conductors of the secondary element with reference to the direction of flow of currents in the primary conductors at predetermined points in a revolution of the secondary element, as set forth.

52. In a single-phase motor, the combination of a primary element and a secondary element, a primary field-energizing circuit,

primary inducing circuit, secondary impedance coils, secondary induction coils, and secondary inductors, the primary inducing circuit being arranged in close inductive relation with the secondary element and connected in series and superposed in quadrature upon the energizing circuit, the secondary impedance coils, the induction coils having short-circuited windings, and the inductors being constructed to reverse the direction of flow of the currents induced in the secondary conductors with reference to the direction of flow of currents in the primary conductors at predetermined points in a revolution of the secondary element, as set forth.

In an alternating current machine, the combination of a common terminal, an armature having a winding provided with commutation leads, impedance coils arranged in said leads and connecting the armature coils with said common terminal, and means constructed and arranged to collectively short-circuit said leads upon one another at points between said armature coils and impedance coils, whereby the'impedance coils are made to perform the same function as the armature coils, when the machine is operated as an induction motor, as set forth.

54-. In an alternating current machine, the combination of a primary element, primary field coils, and primary pole-face coils connected in series with the said primary field coils, a common terminal, an armature arranged in inductive relation to the said pril u 1 L l I l l l l the direction of 1 mary element, and carrying coils provided with leans, impedance coils introduced in said leads and connecting the coils of said armature to said common terminal, means constructed to reversethe direction of flow of current through certain of the primary pole face coils so that they act with the primary field coils to produce magnetic poles of maximum intensity, and means constructed to collectively short-circuit said leads upon one another at points between said armature coils and impedance coils, whereby the impedance coils are made to perform the same function as the armature coils when the said machine is operated as an induction motor, as set forth.

55. in an alternating current machine, the combination of a primary element, primary field coils, primary pole-face coils connected in series with the said primary field coils, an armature arranged in inductive relation to the said primary element and carrying coils provided with leads, impedance coils introduced in said leads and connecting the coils of said armature to said common terminal, and means constructed to reverse the direction of flow of current through'certain of the primary field coils so that they act with the primary pole-face coils to produce magnetic poles of maximum intensity, as set forth.

The combination in an electric motor, of a field element, field coils and pole-face coils connected in series, an armature element, armature coils'provided with commutation leads, a commutation ring, impedance coils arranged in the commutation leads and made to terminate in said commutation ring, induction coils having short-circuited windings arranged in inductive relation at predetermined points to said impedance coils, inductors arranged in predetermined positions with reference to said impedance coils and induction coils, means constructed to change the direction of the flow of current in the said pole-face coils, whereby the direction of rotation of the armature element relatively to the field element of the said motor is reversed, as set forth.

57. The combination in an electric motor, of a field element, field coils and poleface coils connected in series, an armature element, armature coils connected and arranged with commutation leads, a commutation ring, impedance coils arranged in the commutation leads and made to terminate in said commutation ring, induction coils having short-circuited windings arranged in inductive relation at predetermined points to said impedance coils, inductors placed in predetermined positions with reference to said impedance coils and induction coils, and means constructed to change the direction of flow of the current through the said field coils, whereby the direction of rotation of the armature element relatively to the field element of the said motor is reversed, as set forth.

58. '5 he combination in an electric motor, of a primary element consisting of two core rings, primary field coils wound on one of the said rings, the primary pole-face coils wound on the other of the said rings and connected in series with said field-coils, a secondary armature element arranged in inductive relation to both rings of said primary element, armature coils provided with commutation leads, a commutation ring, impedance coils arranged in the commutation leads and made to terminate in said commutation ring, induction coils having short-circuited windings arranged in inductive relation at predetermined points to the impedance coils, and inductors arranged in predetermined positions with reference to said impedance coils and induction coils, as set forth.

59. In an electric machine, the combina tion with a primary element and a secondary element, of means whereby secondary currents, electro-magnetically commutated at starting, perform their function uncommutated at speed.

60. In an electric machine, the combination with a primary element and a secondary element, of means whereby rotation is effected at starting by currents commutated electro-magnetically, and of means whereby,

during a predetermined acceleration, the secondary currents react uncommutated in maintaining or increasing the speed, as set forth.

01. In an electric motor, the combination of a primary element, of a secondary element, and of means whereby impedance coils, short-circuited elements, and inductors are made effective in starting an accelerating rotation of said motor up to predetermined speeds, and means whereby said impedance coils, short-circuited elements, and inductors are eliminated at speeds exceeding said predetermined speeds, as set forth.

62. The combination in an electric machine, of an armature and armature coils connected in a closed winding and of tapped circuits therefrom terminating in a common terminal and of means whereby said tapped circuits are made inductive at starting, and of means whereby said tapped circuits are made non-inductive at speed, as set forth.

The combination in an electric machine, of an armatine and armature coils connected in a closed winding and of tapped circuits therefrom each containing self-inl l l duction, and of means whereby the self-induction of each individual tapped circuit is suppressed in succession at predetermined points in a revolution of the armature at starting and when speeding up, and of means whereby the self-induction of the individual tapped circuits are collectively suppressed at a predetermined speed, and of means for reversing the direction of rotation of the armature, as set forth.

64. The combination in an electric machine, of a primary element and a second ary element, and of tapped circuits from the secondary element, each being connected to a common terminal and containing self-induction, and of means whereby at starting and when speeding up the self-induction is suppressed in each of the tapped circuits in succession at predetermined points in a revolution of the secondary element, and of means vnereby at a predetermined speed the self-induction is continuously suppressed in a predetermined number of the individual tapped circuits, so as to cause the secondary to be influenced thereafter by currents of a predetermined number of phases and the electric machine to operate as an induction motor, as set forth.

65. In an electric machine, in combination with field coils and pole face coils, armature coils connected in a closed winding, a common terminal, leads having self-induction connecting said armature coils with said common terminal, and short-circuited coils arranged in inductive relation to said leads, as set forth.

66. In an electric machine, the combination with a primary element, of armature coils connected in a closed winding, impedance coils, and means whereby the induct-- ance of said impedance coils, with respect to the current of the secondary circuit is cut down during commutation, as set forth.

(3?. in an electric machine, the combination with field coils and pole face coils, of armature coils connected in a closed winding and unconnected with said field coils and pole face coils, a common terminal, impedance coils connecting the armature coils with said terminal, and means whereby the effectivene: of said impedance coils is changed at predetermined points in the revolution of the armature, as set forth.

In testimony whereof, I atlix my signature, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

Wllllllllt Elillllhll GOldlSBOROUt-lll. li itnesses HARRY H. BAIYGH, S. Rouse. 

